Research suggests red light therapy may benefit skin health, pain relief, wound healing, and hair growth, but evidence varies. The evidence leans toward red light therapy being safe for most adults, with mild side effects like skin irritation possible.
Red light therapy (RLT)—or "photobiomodulation"—uses low levels of red light to improve health conditions like skin issues, pain, and wound healing. It works by stimulating cellular activity and increasing blood flow. Research suggests RLT can help with skin health, reducing wrinkles and acne, and may aid in pain management for conditions like osteoarthritis. It also seems likely to support wound healing and hair growth, especially for androgenetic alopecia. However, benefits vary, and more research is needed for some claims.
RLT is generally safe, with minimal side effects reported. Mild skin irritation or temporary pain may occur, but these are rare. Unlike ultraviolet (UV) light, RLT does not cause cancer, and research hasn’t found significant risks15. However, improper use, such as prolonged exposure or lack of eye protection, could risk eye damage. The FDA clears many RLT devices for safety, but not efficacy, meaning they pose low risk to the public16. Long-term safety data is limited, and individuals with photosensitivity or darker skin tones may need to consult a doctor, as they may be more sensitive to visible light17.
The quality of RLT devices varies, with home-use devices often less powerful than professional ones. Consumers should seek FDA-cleared devices and follow manufacturer instructions, ensuring proper wavelength (630-700 nm) and exposure times (typically 3-15 minutes). Costs range from $100 for home wands to $2,600 for professional canopy-like devices, reflecting potency and features18.
RLT shows potential for skin health, pain management, wound healing, and hair growth, particularly for specific conditions, but the evidence is not yet robust enough for definitive recommendations for all adults. Research suggests benefits in targeted areas, like reducing acne lesions or enhancing hair growth post-treatment, but many studies have limitations, and long-term effects are unclear. For those considering RLT, consulting a healthcare provider is essential, especially given potential side effects and device quality variations. RLT should complement, not replace, a balanced approach to health, including medical care. As research evolves, we may gain clearer insights, but for now, a cautious, informed approach is advised.